Movement and activity
Ankle & Sports Injuries
Sports and activity-related symptoms may come from a sudden injury or repeated stress. A “sprain” can sometimes involve a fracture or tendon injury, so persistent pain or instability deserves evaluation.
Ankle injuries
- Lateral ankle sprain
- High ankle sprain
- Chronic ankle instability
- Ankle fracture
- Osteochondral lesion of the ankle
- Anterior or posterior ankle impingement
- Joint swelling after a twist or fall
Tendon injuries
- Achilles tendinitis
- Achilles tendon tear or rupture
- Peroneal tendinitis or tendon tear
- Posterior tibial tendinitis
- Anterior tibial tendon irritation
- Tendon subluxation or snapping around the ankle
Overuse and running pain
- Stress fractures
- Shin splints
- Plantar fascia strain
- Heel or arch overuse pain
- Metatarsalgia
- Exercise-related bursitis
- Training-load or footwear-related pain
Foot and toe sports injuries
- Turf toe
- Toe sprain, fracture, or dislocation
- Lisfranc injury
- Plantar plate injury
- Sesamoid injury
- Bruised or traumatically damaged toenail
- Direct-impact contusions
Toe shape and forefoot
Bunions & Toe Conditions
Changes in toe position can create rubbing, pressure, joint pain, and difficulty finding comfortable shoes. Some problems remain flexible; others become progressively more rigid.
Big-toe concerns
- Bunion (hallux valgus)
- Hallux rigidus or big-toe arthritis
- Big-toe joint pain or stiffness
- Gout affecting the big-toe joint
- Sesamoiditis
- Turf toe
- Ingrown big toenail
Lesser-toe deformities
- Hammertoe
- Mallet toe
- Claw toe
- Crossover toe
- Curly or underlapping toes
- Overlapping toes
- Bunionette (tailor’s bunion)
Pain beneath or between toes
- Capsulitis
- Plantar plate injury
- Morton’s neuroma
- Metatarsalgia
- Corns between or on top of toes
- Pressure calluses
Trauma and irritation
- Toe fracture
- Toe sprain or dislocation
- Shoe-pressure irritation
- Blisters
- Open sore over a prominent joint
- Nail trauma from repeated pressure
Visible changes and ongoing care
Nail & Skin Conditions
Changes in color, texture, thickness, itching, scaling, or growths can have several causes. An examination can distinguish conditions that may look similar.
Nail concerns
- Ingrown toenail
- Toenail fungus
- Thick, brittle, or distorted nails
- Discolored nails
- Traumatic or black toenail
- Loose or splitting nail
- Inflamed nail fold (paronychia)
Fungal and inflammatory skin
- Athlete’s foot
- Itching, peeling, or scaling
- Foot rash
- Eczema or contact dermatitis
- Psoriasis affecting the foot or nails
- Excessive sweating and recurring moisture irritation
Pressure and friction
- Corns
- Calluses
- Blisters
- Dry or cracked heels
- Fissures
- Painful thickened skin beneath the foot
Growths, wounds, and infection
- Plantar warts
- Suspicious mole, spot, or changing lesion
- Cuts, abrasions, or puncture wounds
- Foreign-body concerns
- Skin infection, redness, warmth, or drainage
- Non-healing areas
This page is an educational guide, not a diagnosis or a complete list. Symptoms can overlap, and the appropriate next step depends on an individual evaluation.